Occupational Therapy Practice in Schools: National Survey in Spain.

AIMS: Interdisciplinary collaboration between health and education professionals is one of the principles of inclusive education. This study aimed to describe the practices and service delivery by pediatric occupational therapists (OTs) in schools in Spain. METHODS: Data came from a convenience sample of pediatric OTs recruited through Spanish professional colleges and associations for a web-based survey, mixed-method research study. Thirty-five respondents were excluded because they didn't meet the eligibility criteria. Ninety-two responses were obtained for data analysis. Twenty-nine OTs (31.5%) work in schools (school-OTs), and sixty-three participants (68.5%) don't work there but collaborate with schools (non-school OTs). RESULTS: Participants support students with and without a medical diagnosis. Services provided by OTs external to the educational system are mainly funded by families or only partially covered. Findings show that most participants use standardized assessments and apply several intervention approaches. They believe there are barriers to the collaboration and implementation of occupational therapy services in schools. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study shows a need for changes in Spain's State and Regional Education legislation and provides recommendations to improve school service delivery. Pediatric OTs are encouraged to reflect on and identify opportunities for changes to enhance school-based occupational therapy practice in Spain.

Encuesta a terapeutas ocupacionales del ámbito pediátrico sobre la práctica escolar: ¿se necesita mayor formación en España? / A survey from paediatric occupational therapists about school based practice: is more training needed in Spain?

Objetivos: explorar el conocimiento sobre terapia ocupacional en la escuela, desde la perspectiva de terapeutas ocupacionales pediátricos, para poder identificar fortalezas y debilidades y proponer acciones futuras de desarrollo. Métodos: as personas participantes se reclutaron por muestreo no-probabilístico de conveniencia y bola de nieve, a través de colegios y asociaciones profesionales. Noventa y dos participantes superaron el cribado inicial y se seleccionaron para analizar sus respuestas. Resultados: veintinueve participantes (31,5%) trabajan en las escuelas y sesenta y tres (68,5%) tienen relación con colegios, pero no trabajan en educación. Cuentan con excelente formación en enfoques individuales, y se centran preferentemente en abordar dificultades sensoriales y motoras. El 35,9% (n=33) están involucrados en algún proyecto educativo, financiado principalmente por cada escuela. La mayoría posee escasa formación sobre enfoques actuales de terapia ocupacional escolar, respaldados por la evidencia, y creen necesario impulsar el desarrollo de esta área en España. Conclusiones: este estudio muestra que se requiere formación específica sobre terapia ocupacional escolar en España y ulteriores cambios legislativos. Además, es preciso aclarar las funciones del (de la) terapeuta ocupacional en la escuela y los modelos de prestación de servicios en los contextos educativos, para comprender cómo contrastan con los enfoques clínicos tradicionales.(AU)

Objective: This study aimed to explore current school-based occupational therapy practice in Spain from the perspective of paediatric occupational therapists, identify strengths and weaknesses, and propose future development actions. Methods: Through colleges and professional associations, participants were recruited by non-probabilistic convenience and snowball sampling. Ninety-two participants passed the initial screening question, and their responses were selected for analysis. Results: Twenty-nine participants (31.5%) work in schools, and sixty-three (68.5%) are related to schools but do not work in education. They have excellent training in individual approaches and preferentially focus on addressing sensory and motor concerns. Thirty-three respondents (35.9%) are involved in some educational projects financed mainly by each school. Most participants have little training on current evidence-based approaches to school-based occupational therapy. They believe it is necessary to promote the development of this area in Spain. Conclusions: This study shows that specific training in school-based occupational therapy in Spain is required in addition to legislative changes. Besides, the roles of the occupational therapist in schools and service delivery models in educational settings need to be clarified to understand how they contrast with traditional clinical approaches.(AU)